Chosen Solution
My Redmi Note 2 is randomly shutting down even when is connected to the charger. This started to happen after the battery swallen up, which was replaced with an original one. I read online it coud be a rom problem but the is currently running the official global rom and I tryed the official chinese one but the issue persist, TWRP is not installed, fully stock rom. So this can only be an hardware issue, any thoughts on what is causing the problem? If I replace the motherboard will it fix the problem?
this could be alot of issues, the thing i think of when a battery swells up makes the phone unusable is that is could leak form the battery on to the motherboard and make it unusable, so yeah you could try a new motherbord but you never know untill you tested that out.. Update (06/29/2017) and are you using an original charger?